100
ATmega8515(L)
2512K–AVR–01/10
Accessing 16-bit
Registers
The TCNT1, OCR1A/B, and ICR1 are 16-bit registers that can be accessed by the AVR
CPU via the 8-bit data bus. The 16-bit register must be byte accessed using two read or
write operations. Each 16-bit timer has a single 8-bit register for temporary storing of the
high byte of the 16-bit access. The same temporary register is shared between all 16-bit
registers within each 16-bit timer. Accessing the low byte triggers the 16-bit read or write
operation. When the low byte of a 16-bit register is written by the CPU, the high byte
stored in the temporary register, and the low byte written are both copied into the 16-bit
register in the same clock cycle. When the low byte of a 16-bit register is read by the
CPU, the high byte of the 16-bit register is copied into the temporary register in the
same clock cycle as the low byte is read.
Not all 16-bit accesses uses the temporary register for the high byte. Reading the
OCR1A/B 16-bit registers does not involve using the temporary register.
To do a 16-bit write, the high byte must be written before the low byte. For a 16-bit read,
the low byte must be read before the high byte.
The following code examples show how to access the 16-bit timer registers assuming
that no interrupts updates the temporary register. The same principle can be used
directly for accessing the OCR1A/B and ICR1 Registers. Note that when using “C”, the
compiler handles the 16-bit access.
Note:
The assembly code example returns the TCNT1 value in the r17:r16 register pair.
It is important to notice that accessing 16-bit registers are atomic operations. If an inter-
rupt occurs between the two instructions accessing the 16-bit register, and the interrupt
code updates the temporary register by accessing the same or any other of the 16-bit
timer registers, then the result of the access outside the interrupt will be corrupted.
Therefore, when both the main code and the interrupt code update the temporary regis-
ter, the main code must disable the interrupts during the 16-bit access.
Assembly Code Examples
...
; Set TCNT
1 to 0x01FF
ldi
r17,0x01
ldi
r16,0xFF
out
TCNT
1H,r17
out
TCNT
1L,r16
; Read TCNT
1 into r17:r16
in
r16,TCNT
1L
in
r17,TCNT
1H
...
C Code Examples
unsigned int
i;
...
/* Set TCNT
1 to 0x01FF */
TCNT
1 = 0x1FF;
/* Read TCNT
1 into i */
i = TCNT
1;
...
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